ENGLISH TEACHING ASSESSMENT

 

ENGLISH TEACHING ASSESSMENT

Dalam postingan kali ini saya ingin membagikan sesuatu yang dapat digunakan sebagai contoh dalam melakukan teaching assessment untuk mata pelajaran bahasa inggris tingkat SMA. Silahkan klik link dibawah ini dan semoga memberikan manfaat bagi teman-teman semua.

My friends and I have made 20 reading items test with the senior high school syllabus and have done an analysis using SPPS related to the validity test, reliability test, item difficulty and discrimination index.

And the following are the link from the results of our group’s analysis.

Link hasil analisis:  bit.ly/hasilanalisissoal
Link blueprint: bit.ly/blueprintdansoal

 

Thank you.

Read More

Argumentative Writing

Will COVID-19 Change The World And Human’s Behavior?

By: Monalisa Irmayanti Hasibuan

Indonesia is one of the countries that has announced the first case of COVID-19 for a long time since the outbreak of the virus in December 2019 in China. Until finally Indonesia officially recognized the outbreak of the COVID-19 on March 2, 2020 with the announcement of the first two patients by President Joko Widodo. Which means that now it has been almost four months that Indonesia has continued to struggle against this pandemic. Since then, the number of positive cases of COVID-19  in Indonesia has continued to grow. Until june 27, 2020, government official statement said there were 52.812 people who were positively infected, 21.909 people were cured and 2.720 people died. The increase in new cases every day makes the government must move quickly to stop the spread of COVID-19. The government made a policy related to the spread of COVID-19 in all fields, both education, all sectors of the industry, procedures for worship in the midst of a pandemic and while in public areas. With the increasing number of victims from COVID-19, the government took a quick step in overcoming the spread of COVID-19 in Indonesia by issuing several health regulations and later this will become a new habit for the community if COVID-19 cannot be defeated.

The main rule is that people must use a face mask and washing hands frequently with soap. This method is considered quite effective in preventing the spread of the virus. When leaving the house everyone must use a face mask. And if someone do not use it in the public area it will be given sanctions or fines. The penalty to be imposed by the government is 250 thousand rupiahs or by conducting social activities. Besides maintaining cleanliness is also very important in the current situation. Always washing hands with soap is strongly recommended to reduce the possibility of spreading the virus. The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases said that some viruses can remain active after 2-3 days on plastic and stainless steel, 24 hours on cardboard, and four hours on copper. Therefore it is highly recommended to always washing  hands especially after leaving the house and must be in the right way at least 20 seconds using soap and water, or use hand sanitizer.

Besides that, the government also requires everyone to do Social Distancing and stay at home. Social distancing, also called "physical distancing," means keeping space between yourself and other people outside of your home. COVID-19 spreads mainly among people who are in close contact (within about 6 feet) for a prolonged period. Spreads occur when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks, and droplets from their mouth or nose are launched into the air and land in the mouth or noses of people nearby. The droplets can also be hidden into the warp. Recent studies indicate that people who are infected but don't have symptoms likely also play a role in the spread of COVID-19. So it is very important to keep a distance from others to reduce the risk of contracting. Not only Social Distancing, the public should also stay at home to help stop the transmission of the virus. Do not leave the house for reasons that are not important and do not gather with the crowd. Although the risk of severe illness may be different for everyone, anyone can get and spread COVID-19. Everyone has a role to play in slowing the spread and protecting themselves, their family, and their community.

The third is to learn from home. Since the increasing number of COVID-19 cases in Indonesia, the government has decided to close schools and Universities and study online. As carried out by many countries, to prevent transmission of the COVID-19 in schools, the Minister of Education and Culture issued a circular dated March 24, 2020 which regulates the implementation of education in the emergency period of the spread of coronavirus). However, changing patterns or habits is very difficult. After the enactment of online learning, both teachers and students had many difficulties in this way. Because in fact,  not all students and teachers can access the internet. In addition, demands for large internet quota costs also make it difficult for parents of students in the midst of an economic crisis due to this pandemic. In terms of the province, the more remote the province is, the smaller the percentage of students who get online learning. In East Java, 40% of respondents said their children got online learning. In NTB online learning is less than 10% and in NTT less than 5%. So it can be said that online learning is still not effective in Indonesia.

Not only learning from home, but the government also issued regulations to work and worship from home as well. Dr Ali Khan, an epidemiologist and professor at the UNMC College of Public Health at the University of Nebraska said that the great risk of spreading the virus is not from the [office] building but from sick employees. If one person is sick, he can spread the virus through coughing and sneezing, touching the surface of objects, and talking to other people up close. Even on their private tables, viruses can also be spread by droplets that settle on the surface of objects and cause contamination. Even during the COVID-19 pandemic, working from home is not feasible for all workers. One of the reasons is that approximately 60 to 70 percent of Indonesians work in the informal sector and their jobs necessitate their continuous physical presence. There are some jobs that cannot be done from home such as gojek or  taxi drivers. Gojek must continue to work outside their home to fulfill their needs.

The last one is to provide assistance to people affected covid 19. Various research institutes project this year's economic growth to only 1% and the number of poor people to jump 12.4 percent or 8.45 million people. Economic conditions that are chaotic amid a pandemic and with problems faced by the poor make the government issue a policy to provide social assistance in the form of money or food. But apparently there is a lot of aid that is misplaced because many who get help are actually people who are economically capable. And the people who need it are increasingly troubled in the current conditions. So tit makes few people who demonstrate demanding the government to re-evaluate the list of people who are recipients of social assistance.

From the explanation above, it can be concluded that some of the rules set by the government to prevent the spread of Covid 19 are not quite appropriate and even detrimental to some parties. For this reason, the government needs to re-evaluate and find the right solution for all problems that arise in an effort to prevent the spread of the virus. And it is hoped that the community and the government can establish good cooperation to accelerate the eradication of covid 19 from Indonesia and all will be well again. But if we fail to fight covid 19, then all current government policies will become our new habits in the future.

References

https://kontras.org/en/2020/03/20/demand-the-policy-of-covid-19-settlement-by-the-government-of-indonesia-march-13-2020/

https://lifestyle.kompas.com/read/2020/03/20/073631820/berapa-lama-virus-corona-bertahan-di-pakaian-bagaimana-mencucinya?page=all

https://theconversation.com/riset-dampak-covid-19-potret-gap-akses-online-belajar-dari-rumah-dari-4-provinsi-136534

https://www.thejakartapost.com/academia/2020/04/05/will-covid-19-ultimately-change-the-way-we-work.html

Read More

Essay: Does The Human Organ Look Like A Joke In This World?

Essay Writing

Hello everyone.... how are you in this situation?? May God protect and  bless us all the time and everything will be okay as soon as possible. Stay save, stay healthy and dont forget to read a lot yaaa... :)

It's been almost six months I haven't shared anything on this blog. So now I am back with interesting information to share. 

So, let's see and happy reading .....

Does The Human Organ Look Like A Joke In This World?

We already know that no one in this world can buy life.  But unfortunately not everyone is born perfect with complete and healthy organs. They must survive in various ways even if it is the wrong way. It can be by buying a part of human life that causes people to live with incomplete bodies. In general, many people in the modern world are unwilling to legalize the sale of human organs even if it was a part of a dead human body (Mill, 2009). Should the sales of human organs be legally or not, it is rather difficult to find a satisfied answer to this hot question at the moment. However, in the modern world the growth in organ transplants is influenced by lack of organs while the desire for people to survive is very high. It is very important to legalize the sale of human organs so that it will not harm anyone. There are several reasons why legalizing the sale of human organs must be done and can avoid the crimes that have occurred in the community.

The first reason is saving lives. The world should understand that in many cases if someone didn’t get the organ they need they will suffer and have to die in some cases. For example if someone is dying and in need of a kidney and there is no chance for that person to live unless he gets one. Legalizing selling organs will saves this person’s life because he or she would easily buy an organ and complete the rest of his life without any problems. But in the case of that kidney that is in need, other people could sell theirs without having any problems that would affect them. Humans have two kidneys and one kidney that wills saves other person live is going to kill this person or even hurts. Selling organs will saves lives in many different ways also. People are dying because they are illegally selling their organs in the black market or even selling there organs in insane prices to other people without knowing the consequences. So it is very important to legalize the sale of human organs to make it easier for everyone.

The second is to stop people from selling organs illegally in the black market in very high prices. It is not unreasonable that the seriously ill be entitled to spend their own money on saving their own lives. It is preferable that some individuals receive organs, and survive, than none at all. But the important point is that only the wealthy can access the black market and survive. This happens because of the high price of human organs on the black market. In 2012, Medical Transcription released a pegged price list for every human organ on the black market. Like a heart for 1.7 billion rupiahs, a heart for 2.3 billion rupiahs, a kidney for 3.8 billion rupiahs and many more organs. This means that there is a difference between the dying poor and the dying rich.

The third reason is with the legalization of the sale of human organs, there will be legitimate approval from donors and it will be mutually beneficial because the donor's family will get money. Besides that there needs to be a legal regulation from the government in terms of organ donation is very important because this will certainly reduce the level of illegal human organ sales or even the crime of human organ theft.

The fourth reason is to reduce the crime of theft of human organs. with the legal market for the sale of human organs, all transactions will take place in that market and transparently because it can be accessed by everyone. in addition, the transaction process is carried out legally by the seller and buyer with valid documents as well. this will prevent human organ thieves from selling the stolen organs in the market because they do not have valid documents. thus, the crime rate of human organ theft will decrease and will certainly destroy the black market.

And the last reason is a legitimate market in human organs would not be inconsistent with either public or private healthcare services. That means that everyone involved will benefit fairly, such as the donors, recipients and even doctors or medical personnel. Why should the donor of the organs, arguably the most important actor in any transplant, not also receive remuneration? The United States already tolerates markets for blood, semen, human eggs, and surrogate wombs. Is there a moral difference between a heart or a lung and an ovum? It is remarkable that a lifesaving treatment should apparently have no financial value.

In conclusion, selling organs should be legalized because it will avoid the wrong mindset that often occurs in our environment. By legalizing the sale of human organs, all people will get the same rights to their lives.

So how do you think? Do you have other opinions or disagree with what I write? I hope the information I provide can be useful for all of us. And if you have questions or suggestions, please leave your comments down below. 

Thank you....

And see U in other post.. bye bye.. :):)

References:

https://www.bartleby.com/essay/Should-Human-Organs-for-Sale-P37QZYSXHKU4Y

https://www.123helpme.com/legalizing-the-sale-of-human-organs-preview.asp?id=311715

Read More

About Morphology

Morphology In Linguistics

Read More

What is Morphology

 Morphology??

Hai, welcome back to my blog... 😊 
In this post, i will share you what i know about one branches of linguistics, that is "Morphology". Before i wrote this blog i've searched some sources about Morphology. I choose this branch because i really interesred in that meaning and how it works. Maybe you will think like me after read this post :)
so, let we see together... 👀👇 

1.      Pengertian Morfologi

Morfologi mempelajari seluk-beluk bentuk kata serta pengaruh perubahan-perubahan bentuk kata terhadap golongan dan arti kata. Dapat pula dikatakan bahwa morfologi mempelajari seluk-beluk bentuk kata serta fungsi perubahan-perubahan bentuk kata itu, baik fungsi gramatikal maupun fungsi semantik. Dalam ilmu morfologi, terdapat morfem yaitu bagian terkecil dari sebuah kata yang tidak dapat dibagi lagi namun masih tetap memiliki makna. 

Morfem dapat dibagi menjadi dua yaitu morfem bebas (free morpheme), yaitu morfem yang dapat berdiri sendiri tanpa adanya penambahan morfem lain, atau dengan kata lain morfem ini menjadi satuan kata sendiri, misalnya kata tas, di, pergi dan cantik dalam bahasa Indonesia, atau dalam bahasa Inggris ada kata seperti book, on, wash dan fast. Morfem yang kedua adalah morfem yang tidak dapat berdiri sendiri tanpa direkatkan pada morfem lain, atau disebut morfem terikat (bound morpheme). Bentuk ini sering disebut sebagai afiks karena morfem ini bukanlah kata akan tetapi merupakan bagian dari kata, sebagai contoh, morfem me-, di-, pe-an, atau dalam bahasa Inggris ada morfem -ify, il-, dan en-.

Dalam ilmu kebahasaan atau linguistik, kata dikaji dalam cabang linguistik yang disebut morfologi (morphology). Menurut Aronoff dan Fudeman (2005:1), istilah morfologi pada umumnya dikaitkan dengan seorang penyair, novelis, dramawan, dan filsuf berkebangsaan Jerman yang bernama Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (1749-1832). Dia menggunakan istilah ini pada awal abad ke-19 dalam konteks biologi.

Secara etimologis, istilah morfologi berasal dari kata morph- dalam bahasa Yunani yang berarti “bentuk‟. Dalam bahasa Inggris, morfem morph- “bentuk‟ digabungkan dengan morfem –logy “ilmu, kajian‟ membentuk kata morphology yang berarti ‘ilmu atau kajian yang mempelajari bentuk‟.

Dalam ilmu linguistik istilah morfologi (morphology) dipakai untuk menyebut sistem mental yang terlibat dalam pembentukan kata atau cabang ilmu linguistik yang berkenaan dengan kata, struktur internal kata, dan bagaimana kata tersebut dibentuk.

Kata yang menjadi objek kajian morfologi adalah kata kompleks (complex words), yaitu kata yang secara morfologis terbentuk dari dua morfem atau lebih (polimorphemic) sehingga membentuk makna yang lebih kompleks (Plag, 2003:10).

Misalnya:

    a. enmployee  = karyawan    

inventor           = penemu      

unhappy          = sedih        

teacher             = guru 

sadness            = kesedihan 

b. chair = kursi

ball       = bola      

clever   = pandai

sad        = sedih

        

Kata-kata pada (a) termasuk ke dalam kata kompleks karena masing-masing terbentuk dari dua morfem. Misalnya, kata employee “karyawan” terbentuk dari verba employ “memperkerjakan” dan akhiran –ee “pihak yang dipekerjakan”. Demikian juga kata unhappy “sedih” terbentuk dari adjektiva happy “senang” dan akhiran un- “tidak”. Sedangkan kata-kata pada (b) tidak mengalami proses morfologis, karena masing-masing hanya terbentuk dari satu morfem (monomorphemic).

Secara umum kata-kata yang ada dalam bahasa Inggris dibentuk secara infleksional atau derivasional.

 Morfologi infleksional berkenaan dengan proses pembentukan kata secara infleksional (inflection), sedangkan morfologi leksikal atau sering disebut dengan pembentukan kata (word formation) berkenaan dengan proses pembentukan kata secara derivasional (derivation) atau pemajemukan (compounding).

Menurut Aronoff dan Fudeman (2005:45), perbedaan yang mendasar antara proses morfologi infleksional dan derivasional adalah bahwa proses infleksional tidak mengakibatkan perubahan makna kata, sedangkan proses derivasional mengakibatkan perubahan makna kata.

Misalnya,

a. write =  writes, wrote, writing, written

b. write = writer

Proses morfologis yang terjadi pada contoh (a) merupakan proses infleksional, karena perubahan dari kata write menjadi writes, wrote, writing, written tidak ada perubahan makna kata antara kata write dengan writes, wrote, writing, written. Kata write, writes, wrote, writing, dan written memiliki makna yang sama yaitu “menulis‟. Mereka hanyalah bentuk kata yang berbeda dari kata WRITE. Sebaliknya, proses morfologis yang terjadi pada contoh (b) mengakibatkan perubahan makna kata antara kata write “menulis” dan kata writer “penulis”. Proses ini juga mengakibatkan perubahan kategori kata write (verba) menjadi kata writer (nomina).

Perbedaan Antara Morfologi Infleksional Dan Morfologi Derivasional

Aronoff dan Fudeman (2005:160-162) menjelaskan beberapa perbedaan antara morfologi infleksional dan morfologi derivasional sebagai berikut:

1. Morfologi infleksional tidak mengubah makna kata dasarnya (input), sebaliknya morfologi derivasional mengubah makna kata dasarnya (input) dan memungkinkan terjadinya perubahan kategori bentuk dasar (input) dan kata jadiannya (output)

Contoh Proses Morfologi Infleksional dan Derivasional

Afiksasi		Input			Output			Proses Morfologi
Afiks	Makna	Bentuk dasar	Makna kata	Kategori kata	Kata setelahnya	Makna kata	Kategori kata
-s	Jamak	Book	Buku (tunggal)	nomina	books	Buku (jamak)	Nomina	Infleksi
-let	Ukuran kecil	Book	Buku	nomina	booklet	Buku kecil	Nomina	Derifasi
-er	pelaku	Book	Memesan	verba	booker	Pemesan	Nomina	Derifasi

Pada contoh di atas, penambahan afiks –s “jamak” pada kata book “buku (tunggal)” yang membentuk kata books “buku (jamak)” tidak mengakibatkan perubahan makna kata dan kategori bentuk dasar. Sebaliknya, penambahan afiks –let “ukuran kecil” pada kata book “buku” yang menghasilkan kata baru booklet “buku kecil” mengubah makna kata dasarnya, meskipun tidak terjadi perubahan kategori kata. Demikian juga penambahan afiks –er “pelaku” pada verba book “memesan” selain mengubah makna kata, bentuk dasarnya juga mengubah kategori kata dasarnya dari verba menjadi nomina booker “pemesan”.

2. Proses morfologis infleksional ditentukan oleh kondisi sintaktik (sesuai gramatikal atau tata bahasa), sedangkan proses morfologis derivasional tidak.

Misalnya:

a. The students always perform their dancing in front of their parents.

b. The student always performs his/her dancing in front of his/her parents.

c. The students performed their dancing in front of their parents last week.

d. perform (V) = performance (N)

Pada contoh (a–c) verba perform, performs, performed “mempertunjukkan” dipilih dalam kalimat tersebut karena pertimbangan gramatikal dalam bahasa Inggris, yaitu:

1. Apabila pelaku verba adalah orang ketiga jamak dalam present tense, maka verba tersebut berbentuk verba dasar perform.

2. Apabila pelaku verba adalah orang ketiga tunggal dalam present tense, maka verba tersebut berbentuk verba dasar plus afiks –s/es, performs.

3. Apabila verba dinyatakan dalam past tense, maka verba tersebut berbentuk verba dasar pluss sufiks –ed, performed.

Pertimbangan sintaktik atau aturan gramatikal tersebut tidak berlaku pada pembentukan nomina performance “pertunjukan” dari verba perform “mempertunjukkan”, seperti pada contoh (d)

3. Morfologi infleksional cenderung lebih produktif daripada morfologi derivasional.

Misalnya, afiks infleksional –s/es “jamak” dapat dipakai untuk menjamakkan nomina apapun, kecuali nomina tak beraturan (irregular nouns) yang memiliki bentuk jamak sendiri. Sebaliknya, tidak semua adjektiva dapat digabungkan dengan afiks –ly “secara” untuk membentuk adverbia.

A.    bag = bags

   box = boxes

   child = children

B.     slow = slowly

   quick = quickly

   clever = cleverly

   good = goodly

4. Afiks derivasional cenderung lebih dekat dengan akar kata atau dasar daripada afiks infleksional.

B.     Proses Morfologi

Proses morfologik\ ialah proses pembentukan kata – kata dari satuan lain yang merupakan bentuk dasarnya. Dalam Bahasa Indonesia terdapat tiga proses morfologik, ialah proses pembubuhan afiks (afiksasi), proses pengulangan (reduplikasi), dan proses pemajemukan (pemajemukan).

Macam – macam Proses Morfologi

1.        Proses Pembubuhan Afiks (afiksasi)

Afiksasi merupakan nama lain dari morfem terikat. Morfem terikat merupakan kata yang tidak dapat berdiri sendiri. Kata dasar dapat berupa kata benda, kata sifat, kata kerja, dll. Penggabungan morfem bebas dan morfem terikat akan membentuk kata jadian.

Afiksasi terdiri atas:

a.   prefiks (ber-, me-, pe-, per-, di-, ter-, ke-, se-

b.   sufiks (–kan, –an, –i),

c.    infiks (–el-, -em-, -er-),

d. konfiks (ber-kan, ber-an, per-kan, per-an, per-i, pe-an, di-kan, di-i, me-kan, me-i, ter-kan, ter-i, ke-an), dan

e. simulfiks (memper-kan, memper-i, diper-kan, diper-i).

2. Komposisi atau Pemajemukan dalam Bahasa Indonesia

Komposisi adalah proses kata pemajemukan. Kata majemuk ialah gabungan kata dasar yang telah bersenyawa atau yang sudah membentuk satu kesatuan dan menimbulkan arti baru (Alisjahbana, 1953). 
Contoh : Keras+kepala = keras kepala

       Kamar+mandi = kamar mandi

       Mata+pelajaran = mata pelajaran

       Kumis+kucing = kumis kucing

Kumis kucing dalam arti ‘sejenis tanaman’ adalah kata majemuk, tetapi kumis kucing dalam arti ‘kumis dari seekor kucing’ bukanlah kata majemuk. Pokok kata (tidak bisa diartikan jika sendiri), tetapi setelah bergabung kemudian mempunyai arti sendiri disebut pemajemukan.

3.         Pengulangan (Reduplikasi)

Pengulangan atau redupliksai adalah pengulangan satuan gramatik, baik seluruh, maupun sebagian, baik variasi fonem maupun tidak, hasil pengulangan itu merupakan kata ulang, sedangkan satuan yang diulang merupakan bentuk dasar. Misalnya, rumah – rumah dari bentuk dasar rumah.

Setiap kata ulang sudah pasti memilki bentuk dasar. Kata-kata seperti sia-sia, mondar-mandir dll., tidak dapat digolongkan kata ulang karena sebenarnya tidak ada satuan yang diulang. dari deretan morfologik dapat ditentukan bahwa sesungguhnya tidak ada satuan yang lebih kecil dari kata-kata tersebut.

C.    kesimpulan

dari penjelasan diatas dapat kita simpulkan bahwa morphology adalah bagian dari linguistik yang mempelajari semua hal mengenai KATA baik itu bentuk awal dan maknanya atau bentuk kata yang telah diubah (ditambah atau dikurang) dari kata dasarnya dan bagaimana perubahan makna kata tersebut. Sehingga saya menyimpulkan bahwa morphology adalah ilmu bermain demgan kata-kata.

sources:

https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morfologi_%28linguistik%29

Jurnal morfologi derivasional dalam bahasa inggris oleh Sunardi

Okay guys... sekian informasi yang dapat saya berikan semoga bermanfaat buat kita semua.

Thank you for visiting my blog, and don't forget leave your "jejak" 👣 down below :) 

Bye bye... 👋👋

Read More